Corylus plant named &#39;DORRIS&#39;

ABSTRACT

A new and distinct cultivar of  Corylus  plant named ‘Dorris’ characterized by a spreading plant habit and low vigor, yellowish-green developing and fully expanded leaves during the spring and summer, resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus  Anisogramma anomala  (Peck) E. Müller, presence of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580, expression of incompatibility alleles S 1  and S 12  in the styles, and DNA fingerprints at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci differ from both parents OSU 309.074 and ‘Delta’, and from one parent at an additional 9 marker loci.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

This invention was made with government support under Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5358-4542 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The government has certain rights in the invention.

BOTANICAL DENOMINATION

Corylus avellana

VARIETY DESIGNATION

‘Dorris’

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant, (hazelnut, filbert) botanically known as Corylus avellana, and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘Dorris’. Corylus avellana is in the family Betulaceae.

The new Corylus resulted from a controlled cross of female parent OSU 309.074 (unpatented) and male parent ‘Delta’ (unpatented) made in 1997 by Shawn A. Mehlenbacher and David C. Smith. Hybrid seeds from the cross were harvested in August 1997, stratified, and seedlings grown in the greenhouse during the summer of 1998. From this cross, a total of 307 seedling trees were planted in the field in Corvallis, Oreg., USA in October, 1998. ‘Dorris’ was discovered and selected by the Inventors as a single plant within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled environment in Corvallis, Oreg.

‘Dorris’ was originally assigned the designation OSU 876.041, which indicates the row and tree location of the original seedling. OSU 309.074 is from a cross of ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ (unpatented)×OSU 23.017 (unpatented). ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ is an important cultivar in Piemonte, northern Italy. OSU 23.017 is from a cross of ‘Barcelona’ (unpatented)×‘Extra Ghiaghli’ (unpatented). ‘Extra Ghiaghli’, obtained from Greece, is a clone of the important Turkish cultivar ‘Tombul’ (unpatented). ‘Delta’ was released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2002.

The new cultivar was asexually reproduced by rooted suckers annually for eight years (2003-2010) in Corvallis, Oreg. The new cultivar was also asexually propagated by whip grafting in 2004 in Corvallis, Oreg. The unique features of this new Corylus are stable and reproduced true-to-type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of ‘Dorris’. These characteristics in combination distinguish ‘Dorris’ as a new and distinct cultivar:

1. Spreading plant habit and low vigor.

2. Yellowish-green developing and fully expanded leaves during the spring and summer.

3. Resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller.

4. Presence of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580 in DNA of ‘Dorris’ amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. These two markers are linked to a dominant allele for resistance to eastern filbert blight from the cultivar Gasaway (unpatented).

5. Expression of incompatibility alleles S₁ and S₁₂ in the styles,

6. DNA fingerprints at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci differ from both parents OSU 309.074 and ‘Delta’, and from one parent at an additional 9 marker loci. The microsatellite primers are shown in Table 1, and allele sizes are shown in Table 2. DNA fingerprints of grandparent ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ and great-grandparents ‘Barcelona’ and ‘Extra Ghiaghli’ are also shown in attached Table 2.

In comparisons in two replicated trials conducted in Corvallis, Oreg., plants of the new Corylus differed from plants of the Corylus avellana cultivar Barcelona (unpatented), and other cultivars and selections of Corylus avellana known to the Inventors primarily in nut size, nut shape, kernel percentage (ratio of kernel weight to nut weight), frequency of blank nuts (nuts lacking kernels), time of pollen shed, time of nut maturity, length of the husk or involucre, and plant size.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying colored photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new cultivar, showing the colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this type. Foliage colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately describe the colors of the new Corylus.

FIG. 1 shows a tree of the new cultivar ‘Dorris’ growing in a field in the summer, in Corvallis, Oreg.

FIG. 2 shows the tree of the new cultivar ‘Dorris’ growing in a field in January, in Corvallis, Oreg.

FIG. 3 shows typical nuts, raw kernels, and blanched kernels of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut compared to those of ‘Jefferson’ hazelnut.

FIG. 4 shows husks of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut tree.

FIG. 5 shows the typical nuts, raw kernels, and blanched kernels of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut compared to those of ‘Barcelona’ hazelnut and other hazelnut cultivars.

DETAILED PLANT DESCRIPTION

The cultivar Dorris has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype. The aforementioned photographs and following observations and measurements describe plants grown in Corvallis, Oreg. under commercial practice outdoors in the field during the fall, winter and spring. Plants used for the photographs and description were propagated by tie-off layerage and growing on their own roots, and about seven years old. In the following description, color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1966 Edition, except where general terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.

-   Botanical classification: Corylus avellana cultivar Dorris. -   Parentage:     -   -   Female, or seed, parent.—Corylus avellana selection 309.074             (unpatented).         -   Male, or pollen, parent.—Corylus avellana cultivar Delta             (unpatented). -   Propagation: (type rooted suckers):     -   -   Time to initiate roots.—about 30 days at 20° C.         -   Time to produce a rooted young plant.—about six months at             22° C.         -   Root description.—fine to thick; freely branching; creamy             white in color. -   Propagation (type whip grafting):     -   -   Time to budbreak on the scions.—bout 14 days at 25° C.         -   Time to produce a grafted plant.—about six months at 25° C. -   Plant description:     -   -   General appearance.—perennial shrub. Spreading plant habit.         -   Growth and branching habit.—freely branching; about 15             lateral branches develop per plant. Pinching, i.e., removal             of the terminal apices, enhances branching with lateral             branches potentially forming at every node.         -   Size.—Plant height is about 4 meters; plant diameter or             spread is about 5 meters.         -   Vigor.—low vigor growth habit. -   Lateral branch description:     -   -   Length.—about 32 cm.         -   Diameter.—about 6 mm.         -   Internode length.—about 3.0 cm.         -   Texture.—smooth, glabrous.         -   Strength.—strong.         -   Color.—immature — 152B; mature — 152B. -   Foliage description:     -   -   Arrangement.—alternate, simple.         -   Length.—about 10.2 cm.         -   Width.—about 9.1 cm.         -   Shape.—oblong to ovate.         -   Apex.—obtuse to acute.         -   Base.—cordate.         -   Margin.—serrate.         -   Texture.—upper and lower surfaces — slightly pubescent.         -   Venation pattern.—pinnate.         -   Color.—Developing foliage, upper surface 144A, lower             surfaces: 187A. Fully expanded foliage, upper surface:             Spring and summer, 143A; late summer and fall, 143A. Fully             expanded foliage, lower surface: Spring and summer, 139C;             late summer and fall, 139C. Venation, upper surface: Spring             and summer, 139C; late summer and fall, 139C. Venation,             lower surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer and             fall, 139D. -   Petiole description:     -   -   Length.—about 2.7 cm.         -   Diameter.—about 1.8 mm.         -   Texture.—upper and lower surfaces — pubescent.         -   Color.—upper surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer             and fall, 139D. lower surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late             summer and fall, 139D. -   Flower description:     -   -   Male inflorescences.—catkins, color prior to elongation             194C. Female inflorescence — style color 048B. -   Nut description:     -   -   Length.—about 19.1 mm.         -   Width.—about 20.7 mm.         -   Depth.—about 18.2 mm.         -   Nut shape.—round.         -   Nut shape index [(width+depth)/2*Length].—1.02.         -   Nut compression index (width/depth).—1.14.         -   Nut shell color.—164B.         -   Nut weight.—about 3.35 grams.         -   Kernel weight.—about 1.40 grams.         -   Kernel percentage (kernel weight/nut weight).—about 43%. -   Disease/pest resistance: Plants of the new Corylus are highly     resistant to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma     anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Plants of the new Corylus are highly     resistant to bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.), while plants of     ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ are highly susceptible, and plants of     ‘Barcelona’ are highly resistant. -   Temperature tolerance: tolerates temperatures from −10 to 38° C. in     the field in Corvallis, Oreg.

TABLE 1 Primers and annealing temperatures for the 24 microsatellite marker loci used to fingerprint ‘Dorris’ and other hazelnut cultivars Repeat Primers Primers Locus Motif Size T_(a) n He Ho PIC r LG  5′-3′  5′-3′ Reference A613 (TC)₁₃ 149- 60 14 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.00 11 Ned- R- Gurcan et al. (CA)₁₂ 177  CACACGCCTT CCCCTTTCACA 2010 GTCACTCTTT TGTTTGCTT (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 1) 2) A614 (TC)₁₇ 125- 60 14 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.00 6 Hex- R- Gurcan et al. (CA)₁₀ 156  TGGCAGAGCT GCAGTGGAGGA 2010 NNN(CA)₆ TTGTCAGCTT TTGCTGACT      (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 3) 4) A616 (AC)₁₁ 136- 60 13 0.85 0.85 0.83 0.00 8 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. 162  CACTCATACC ATGGCTTTTGC 2010     GCAAACTCCA TTCGTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 5) 6) A640 (CT)₁₅ 354- 67 11 0.80 0.73 0.7 0.04 10 F- Fam- Gurcan et al. (CA)₁₃ 378  TGCCTCTGCA CGCCATATAAT 2010   GTTAGTCATC TGGGATGCTTG AAATGTAGG TTG (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 7) 8) B107 (CT)₁₄ 112- 55 14 0.85 0.80 0.83 0.02 10 Ned- R- Boccacci et  151    GTAGGTGCAC AACACCATATT al. 2005; TTGATGTGCT GAGTCTTTCAA Gokirmak et  TTAC AGC al. 2009  (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO:    9) 10) B617  (GA)₁₅ 280- 60  9 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.01 8 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. 298  TCCGTGTTGA TGTTTTTGGTG 2010 GTATGGACGA GAGCGATG   (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 11) 12) B619 (TC)₂₁ 146- 60 14 0.88 0.88 0.7 0.00 3 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. 180  AGTCGGCTCC GCGATCTGACC 2010    CCTTTTCTC TCATTTTTG (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 13) 14) B634 (AG)₁₅ 218- 60 9 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.00 4 Hex- R- Gurcan et al. 238  CCTGCATCCA GTGCAGAGGTT 2010 GGACTCATTA  GCACTCAAA (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 15) 16) B657 (AG)₁₅ 210- 60 8 0.84 0.98 0.82 −0.08 11 Ned- R- Gurcan et al. 228  GAGAGTGCGT AGCCTCACCTC 2010 CTTCCTCTGG CAACGAAC (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO:   17) 18) B671 (AG)6NN 221- 60 13 0.86 0.88 0.84 −0.01 9 Hex- R- Gurcan et al. (GA)₁₇ 249  TTGCCAGTGC ACCAGCTCTGG 2010 ATACTCTGATG GCTTAACAC   (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 19) 20) B709 (GA)₂₁ 219- 60  8 0.74 0.76 0.70 −0.01 5 Ned- R- Gurcan et al. 233  CCAAGCACGA GCGGGTTCTCG 2010 ATGAACTCAA TTGTACACT (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 21) 22) B733 (TC)₁₅ 161- 60  8 0.68 0.68 0.63 0.00 7.2 Ned- R- Gurcan et al. 183  CACCCTCTTC CATCCCCTGTT 2010 ACCACCTCAT GGAGTTTTC (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 23) 24) B741 (GT)₅ 176- 60 10 0.77 0.78 0.74  0.00 5 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. (GA)₁₂ 194  GTTCACAGGC CGTGTTGCTCA 2010 TGTTGGGTTT TGTGTTGTG (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO:   25) 26) B749 (TC)₁₂ 200- 60  6 0.60 0.64 0.51 −0.03 1 Hex- R- Gurcan et al. 210  GGCTGACAAC TCGGCTAGGGT 2010 ACAGCAGAAA TAGGGTTTT   (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 27) 28 B751 (GA)₁₅ 141- 60  7 0.80 0.80 0.77  0.01 7.2 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. 153  AGCTGGTTCT AAACTCAAATA 2010   TCGACATTCC AAACCCCTGCTC (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 29) 30) B774 (AG)₁₅ 195- 60  8 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.01 5 Ned- R- Gurcan et al. 213    GTTTTGCGAG TGTGTGTGGTC 2010 CTCATTGTCA TGTAGGCACT (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 31) 32) B776 (GA)₁₇ 134- 60  7 0.71 0.60 0.67 0.07 6 Fam- R- Gurcan et al. 148  TGTATGTACA TGAGGGGAAG 2010 CACGGAGAGA AGGTTTGATG GAGA (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 34) 33) B795 (TC)₈ 296- 60 12 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.01 NA Fam- R- Gurcan et al. Ns(CT)₇ 332  GACCCACAA TGGGCATCATC 2010 Ns(CT)₁₀ ACAATAACCT CAGGTCTA Ns(TC)₅ ATCTC (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 36) 35) C115 (TAA)₅ 167- 60 14 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.00 4 Fam- GTTTCCAGATC Bassil et al. (GAA)₁₂ 226  ATTTTCCGCA TGCCTCCATAT 2005b, GATAATACAGG AAT Gokirmak et  (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: al. 2009 37) 38) KG809 (AGG)₆ 333- 55  5 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.01 4 Hex- F- Gurcan and 345  AGGCATCAG GGAAGGTGAG Mehlenbacher TTCATCCAA AGAAATCAAGT 2010 (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 39) 40) KG811 (GA)₁₇ 240- 58 12 0.83 0.82 0.81  0.01 2 Ned- F- Gurcan and 278  AAGGCGGCA GAACAACTGAA Mehlenbacher CTCGCTCAC GACAGCAAAG 2010 (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 41) 42) KG827 (CT)₁₃AA 264- 67  9 0.78 0.84 0.75 −0.04 9 Fam- GAGGGAGCAA Gurcan and (CA)₇ 282  AGAACTCCGA GTCAAAGTTGA Mehlenbacher CTAATAATCC GAAGAAA 2010 TAACCCTTGC (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 44) 43) KG830 (CT)₁₄ 279- 67  9 0.79 0.78 0.76  0.00 9 Ned- AAAGCAACTCA Gurcan and GTATT 311  TGGAGGAAGT TAGCTGAAGTC Mehlenbacher (CA)₈ TTTGAATGGT CAATCA 2010 AGTAGAGGA (SEQ ID NO: (SEQ ID NO: 46) 45) Soman- (AAT)₅ 54  3 0.60 0.98 0.51 −0.27 NA Hex- R- unpublished G TGGCGTTGCA GCCATCTTTAG ACATATTCTC AAAGTTCGATA (SEQ ID NO: CAG 47) (SEQ ID NO: 48) Primer fluorescent tags are FAM, HEX, and NED. Ta: annealing temperature (° C.) N: number of alleles He: expected heterozygosity Ho: observed heterozygosity PIC: polymorphism information content r: estimated null allele frequency LG: linkage group

TABLE 2 Allele sizes in ‘Dorris’ and other hazelnut cultivars at 24 microsatellite loci. ‘Tonda Gentile Tag Locus ‘Dorris’ ‘309.074’ ‘Delta’ delle Langhe’ NED A613 149/167 157/167 149/177 151/157 HEX A614 132/158 125/132 143/158 125/135 FAM A616 148/150 148/158 150/150 148/150 FAM A640 372/374 368/374 362/372 354/368 NED B107 112/122 112/152 122/130 134/152 FAM B617 286/296 294/296 286/286 286/296 FAM B619 156/164 164/174 156/164 148/164 HEX B634 226/226 226/226 226/234 226/226 NED B657 210/226 210/226 222/226 218/226 HEX B671 227/247 227/237 235/247 237/241 NED B709 227/227 227/227 227/227 227/227 NED B733 171/179 171/173 173/179 171/173 FAM B741 177/186 177/177 177/186 177/184 HEX B749 206/206 206/208 206/208 206/208 FAM B751 143/151 143/153 143/151 149/153 NED B774 203/207 203/203 207/213 203/211 FAM B776 137/137 137/137 137/150 137/137 FAM B795 330/330 330/330 314/330 312/330 FAM C115 194/215 173/194 197/215 173/173 HEX KG809 336/345 336/339 345/345 336/339 NED KG811 254/264 242/254 254/264 254/264 FAM KG827 270/282 268/282 270/270 266/268 NED KG830 295/297 291/295 291/297 291/295 HEX SMNG 196/200 196/200 196/196 196/200 ‘Extra Tag ‘Barcelona’ Ghiaghli’ ‘Gasaway’ NED 151/159 167/169 159/161 HEX 125/131 125/150 143/158 FAM 142/150 150/158 148/148 FAM 354/374 374/374 362/368 NED 112/134 116/116 122/128 FAM 286/290 294/296 292/296 FAM 156/170 164/174 170/174 HEX 226/226 226/226 220/232 NED 218/222 210/222 224/228 HEX 223/227 227/247 235/247 NED 225/233 225/227 227/227 NED 171/173 171/171 173/173 FAM 177/186 177/184 186/188 HEX 208/208 208/208 206/208 FAM 143/153 143/147 143/143 NED 203/207 195/203 203/209 FAM 135/137 135/137 146/150 FAM 330/330 296/310 314/316 FAM 173/194 182/194 215/218 HEX 336/336 336/339 336/345 NED 258/264 240/242 254/258 FAM 280/282 276/282 270/280 NED 291/295 291/295 291/305 HEX 196/200 196/200 196/196

REFERENCES:

-   Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005a. Microsatellite     markers in hazelnut: Isolation, characterization and cross-species     amplification. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130:543-549. -   Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005b. Additional     microsatellite markers of the European hazelnut. Acta Hort.     686:105-110. -   Boccacci P., Akkak A., Bassil N. V., Mehlenbacher S. A.,     Botta R. 2005. Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite     loci in European hazelnut (C. avellana) and their transferability to     other Corylus species. Molec. Ecol. Notes 5:934-937. -   Boccacci P., Akkak, A. and Botta, R. 2006. DNA typing and genetic     relations among European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars     using microsatellite markers. Genome 49:598-611. -   Gökirmak T., Mehlenbacher S. A., Bassil N. V. 2009. Characterization     of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars using SSR markers.     . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56:147-172. -   Gürcan, K., S. A. Mehlenbacher and V. Erdogan. 2010a. Genetic     diversity in hazelnut cultivars from Black Sea countries assessed     using SSR markers. Plant Breeding (available on-line doi :10.     1111/j. 1439-0523. 2009. 01753. x). -   Gürcan, K., S. A. Mehlenbacher, N. V. Bassil, P. Boccacci, A. Akkak     and R. Botta. 2010b. New microsatellite markers for Corylus avellana     from enriched libraries. Tree Genetics and Genomes (available     on-line as DOI 10.1007/s11295-010-0269-y). -   Gürcan, K. and S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2010. Development of     microsatellite marker loci for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana     L.) from ISSR fragments. Molecular Breeding (available on-line). 

We claim:
 1. A new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant named ‘Dorris’, as illustrated and described. 